IP:-
Short for Internet Protocol, IP is an address of a computer or other network device on a network using IP or TCP/IP. For example, the number "166.70.10.23" is an example of such an address. These addresses are similar to an addresses used on a house and is what allows data to reach the appropriate destination on a network.
There are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses. Below is a listing of these addresses.
| Class | 1st Octet Decimal Range | 1st Octet High Order Bits | Network/Host ID (N=Network, H=Host) | Default Subnet Mask | Number of Networks | Hosts per Network (Usable Addresses) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1 – 126* | 0 | N.H.H.H | 255.0.0.0 | 126 (27 – 2) | 16,777,214 (224 – 2) |
| B | 128 – 191 | 10 | N.N.H.H | 255.255.0.0 | 16,382 (214 – 2) | 65,534 (216 – 2) |
| C | 192 – 223 | 110 | N.N.N.H | 255.255.255.0 | 2,097,150 (221 – 2) | 254 (28 – 2) |
| D | 224 – 239 | 1110 | Reserved for Multicasting | |||
| E | 240 – 254 | 1111 | Experimental; used for research | |||
Note: Class A addresses 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 cannot be used and is reserved for loopback and diagnostic functions.
Private IP Addresses
| Class | Private Networks | Subnet Mask | Address Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 10.0.0.0 | 255.0.0.0 | 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 |
| B | 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0 | 255.240.0.0 | 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 |
| C | 192.168.0.0 | 255.255.0.0 | 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 |
Automatically assigned addresses
There are several IP addresses that are automatically assigned when you setup a home network. These default addresses are what allow your computer and other network devices to communicate and broadcast information over your network. Below is the most commonly assigned network addresses in a home network.
| 192.168.1.0 | 0 is the automatically assigned network address. |
| 192.168.1.1 | 1 is the commonly used address used as the gateway. |
| 192.168.1.2 | 2 is also a commonly used address used for a gateway. |
| 192.168.1.3 - 254 | Addresses beyond 3 are assigned to computers and devices on the network. |
| 192.168.1.255 | 255 is automatically assigned on most networks as the broadcast address. |
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